Magnitude factors
Energy and Carbon Reporting Framework, Operational Energy and Carbon Information Exchanges for Government Soft Landings, published by the Construction Innovation Hub in October 2021, suggests that: ‘Magnitude factors are those that multiply energy use and the consequent emissions. Typical factors that may raise energy use by orders of magnitude include higher-system operating hours (particularly outside normal operating parameters), higher fabric air-leakage than assumed at design, and poor control that leads to wasteful operation.’
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